钟国生,邓红雷,王锐,张峻,陈伟锋,郭德明,刘刚
ZHONG Guosheng,DENG Honglei,WANG Rui,ZHANG Jun,CHEN Weifeng,GUO Deming,LIU Gang

• 1:华南理工大学电力学院
• 2:广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院
• 3:深圳市国家气候观象台

摘要(Abstract)：

EGLA（外串联间隙线路避雷器）是输电线路防雷的关键设备，其爆炸事故会引发线路跳闸甚至断线。传统观点认为避雷器爆炸的主要诱因是老化与受潮，而对于阀片绝缘层破损引发爆炸的机理则缺乏足够重视。对此，结合一起220 kV EGLA在雷电绕击下的爆炸事故，对事故样本进行详细的解剖分析，确定绝缘层破损是诱发沿面闪络并最终导致爆炸的直接原因。搭建了能产生高电压、大电流的单脉冲电流实验平台，对完整无损和不同破损程度的阀片进行单脉冲电流冲击对比实验。结果表明，绝缘层破损会显著提高放电概率，且破损程度增大会导致放电强度加剧；当发生沿面闪络时，会形成高温电弧通道，严重烧蚀电极及绝缘层，加速爆炸故障的发展进程。研究结论有助于完善避雷器爆炸机理，并为未来类似事故的分析提供指导。
Externally gapped line arresters(EGLA) are critical devices for lightning protection of transmission lines. Explosion incidents involving these arresters can lead to line tripping and even conductor breakage. Conventional understanding attributes such explosions primarily to aging and moisture ingress, while insufficient attention has been paid to mechanisms associated with damage to the insulating layer of arrester blocks. In this study, a 220 kV EGLA explosion caused by a lightning shielding failure is investigated. Detailed post-failure dissection of the damaged unit indicates that damage of the insulating layer directly triggered surface flashover, ultimately resulting in the explosion. A single-pulse current test platform capable of generating high voltage and high current was developed to conduct comparative impulse tests on intact blocks and blocks with varying degrees of insulation damage. The results show that insulation damage significantly increases the probability of discharge, and that greater damage severity leads to more intense discharges. Once surface flashover occurs, a high-temperature arc channel forms, causing severe erosion of the electrodes and insulating layer and accelerating the progression toward explosive failure. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of arrester explosion mechanisms and provide guidance for analyzing similar incidents in the future.

关键词(KeyWords)： 外串联间隙线路避雷器;爆炸故障;阀片绝缘层破损;放电特性
externally gapped line arrester;explosion failure;insulating layer damage of arrester block;discharge characteristics

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国博士后科学基金（2024M760942）;; 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2025A1515010291）

作者(Author): 钟国生,邓红雷,王锐,张峻,陈伟锋,郭德明,刘刚
ZHONG Guosheng,DENG Honglei,WANG Rui,ZHANG Jun,CHEN Weifeng,GUO Deming,LIU Gang

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202606011

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