江桂芬,徐加银,刘浩,沈玉明,马英浩,曹义鹏
JIANG Guifen,XU Jiayin,LIU Hao,SHEN Yuming,MA Yinghao,CAO Yipeng

• 1:国网安徽省电力有限公司经济技术研究院
• 2:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

针对新能源大规模并网下，因系统惯量低、调频备用不足导致的系统运行安全问题，提出了考虑风机惯量支撑及有功备用的新能源电力系统优化调度模型。首先，建立实时风速下风机参与系统惯量支撑响应的风机惯量模型及风机降载出力的有功备用模型；然后，构建了两阶段随机鲁棒优化调度模型，以总运行成本最小为目标，采用列与约束生成算法求解两阶段模型；最后，以改进的IEEE-RTS 24节点系统为算例进行分析，结果表明，所提优化调度模型的总成本较低且弃风弃光量较少。
In light of safety concerns steming from low system inertia and insufficient frequency regulation reserve in large-scale integration of renewable energy sources, an optimal scheduling model for new energy power systems considering wind turbine inertia support and active power reserve is proposed. Firstly, a wind turbine inertia model is established to account for real-time wind speed and its contribution to system inertia support response along with a model for the active power reserve under curtailed wind turbine output. Then, a two-stage stochastic robust optimization scheduling model is constructed. To minimize total operating costs, column-and-constraint generation(CCG) algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally, the model is applied to analyze an enhanced IEEE-RTS 24-node system as a case study. The results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly reduces overall costs and curtailment of wind and solar power.

关键词(KeyWords)： 惯量支撑;降载运行;有功备用;随机鲁棒优化;列与约束生成算法
inertia support;derating operation;active reserve;stochastic robust optimization;CCG algorithm

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国网安徽省电力有限公司科技项目（B6120922000A）

作者(Author): 江桂芬,徐加银,刘浩,沈玉明,马英浩,曹义鹏
JIANG Guifen,XU Jiayin,LIU Hao,SHEN Yuming,MA Yinghao,CAO Yipeng

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202405007

参考文献(References)：

• [1]李国庆，张斌，肖桂莲，等.基于多尺度特征集的高占比新能源电网连锁故障数据驱动辨识方法[J].电力建设，2023,44(6):91-100.LI Guoqing,ZHANG Bin,XIAO Guilian,et al. Datadriven cascading failure prediction method for highproportion renewable energy systems based on multi-scale topological features[J]. Electric Power Construction,2023,44(6):91-100.
• [2]刘一民，王书扬，李彬，等.逆变型新能源场站柔性直流送出系统交流线路差动保护灵敏性优化方案[J].电力建设，2022,43(1):63-69.LIU Yimin,WANG Shuyang,LI Bin,et al.Sensitivity optimization scheme of AC line differential protection in MMC-HVDC system of inverter new energy station[J].Electric Power Construction,2022,43(1):63-69.
• [3]邢琛，张新燕，周鹏，等.链式STATCOM在双馈风电场中的谐波抑制研究[J].电测与仪表，2022,59(4):66-71.Xing Chen,Zhang Xinyan,Zhou Peng,et al.Research on harmonic suppression of chained STATCOM applied in doublyfedwind farm[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2022,59(4):66-71.
• [4]郑晗.降低高电压风险的双馈风电机组低电压穿越参考功率整定[J].电力电容器与无功补偿，2022,43(4):161-168.ZHENG Han. Low voltage ride-through reference power setting for doubly-fed induction generator to reduce highvoltage risk[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2022,43(4):161-168.
• [5]江友华，屈靖洁，曹以龙，等.考虑风电-负荷及综合需求响应不确定性的能量枢纽双层优化运行及配置方法[J].电测与仪表，2022,59(3):117-124.Jiang Youhua,QuJingjie,Cao Yilong,et al. Double-layer optimal operation and configuration method for energy hub consideringuncertainty of wind power-load and integrated demand response[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2022,59(3):117-124.
• [6]黄晓敢，张延辉，杨博超，等.含风电接入的电网脆弱性分析与量化评估[J].电力电容器与无功补偿，2023,44(6):108-116.HUANG Xiaogan,ZHANG Yanhui,YANG Bochao,et al. Vulnerability analysis and quantitative assessment of power systems with wind power[J]. Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2023,44(6):108-116.
• [7]朱显辉，于越，师楠，等.BP神经网络的分层优化研究及其在风电功率预测中的应用[J].高压电器，2022,58(2):158-163.ZHU Xianhui,YU Yue,SHI Nan,et al.Research on hierarchical optimization of BP neural network and its application in wind power prediction[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2022,58(2):158-163.
• [8]秦晓辉，苏丽宁，迟永宁，等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化，2018,42(9):36-43.QIN Xiaohui,SU Lining,CHI Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43.
• [9] BECK H P,HESSE R. Virtual synchronous machine[C]//2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Barcelona,Spain. IEEE,2007:1-6.
• [10]钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报，2017,37(2):336-349.ZHONG Qingchang.Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):336-349.
• [11]郑天文，陈来军，陈天一，等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自动化，2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen,CHEN Laijun,CHEN Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175.
• [12]吕志鹏，盛万兴，刘海涛，等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报，2017,37(2):349-360.LüZhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,LIU Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-360.
• [13]王亚军，杨立波，马斌，等.虚拟同步机惯量及阻尼系数协调优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制，2022,50(19):88-98.WANG Yajun,YANG Libo,MA Bin,et al.Coordination and optimization strategy of virtual inertia and damping coefficient of a virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Protection and Control,2022,50(19):88-98.
• [14]曹炜，钦焕乘，陆建忠，等.新型电力系统下虚拟同步机的定位和应用前景展望[J].电力系统自动化，2023,47(4):190-207.CAO Wei,QIN Huancheng,LU Jianzhong,et al.Orientation and application prospect of virtual synchronous generator in new power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2023,47(4):190-207.
• [15]孙华东，王宝财，李文锋，等.高比例电力电子电力系统频率响应的惯量体系研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2020,40(16):5179-5192.SUN Huadong,WANG Baocai,LI Wenfeng,et al. Research on inertia system of frequency response for power system with high penetration electronics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2020,40(16):5179-5192.
• [16]周连俊，李群，殷明慧，等.面向风电机组最大功率点跟踪的转矩曲线增益动态优化[J].电工技术学报，2023,38(13):3447-3458.ZHOU Lianjun,LI Qun,YIN Minghui,et al. Torque curve gain dynamic optimization for maximum power point tracking of wind turbines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2023,38(13):3447-3458.
• [17]钱峰，白津阳，刘俊磊，等.基于弱鲁棒控制的风电降载调度模型[J].电气自动化，2020,42(4):11-13.QIAN Feng,BAI Jinyang,LIU Junlei,et al.Load reduction dispatching model for wind power based on weak robust control[J]. Electrical Automation,2020,42(4):11-13.
• [18]张蕊，李晓明，高泽明，等.考虑风速差异的风电场调频备用协调控制策略[J].电力建设，2023,44(2):101-109.ZHANG Rui,LI Xiaoming,GAO Zeming,et al. Coordinated control of frequency-regulation reserve capacity for wind farm considering wind speed difference[J]. Electric Power Construction,2023,44(2):101-109.
• [19]徐波，俞向栋，杨逸欣，等.基于多智能体系统的分布式风储协同频率控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制，2022,50(19):13-24.XU Bo,YU Xiangdong,YANG Yixin,et al. Distributed wind-storage coordinate frequency control strategy based on a multi-agent system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2022,50(19):13-24.
• [20] PAN C C,SHAO C Z,HU B,et al.Modeling the reserve capacity of wind power and the inherent decisiondependent uncertainty in the power system economic dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2023,38(5):4404-4417.
• [21] VIDYANANDAN K V,SENROY N.Closure to discussion on “primary frequency regulation by deloaded wind turbines using variable droop”[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(1):414-415.
• [22]丁磊，尹善耀，王同晓，等.结合超速备用和模拟惯性的双馈风机频率控制策略[J].电网技术，2015,39(9):2385-2391.DING Lei,YIN Shanyao,WANG Tongxiao,et al. Integrated frequency control strategy of DFIGs based on virtual inertia and over-speed control[J]. Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2385-2391.
• [23]付媛，王毅，张祥宇，等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报，2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al. Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
• [24] MOUTIS P,LOUKARAKIS E,PAPATHANASIOU S,et al. Primary load-frequency control from pitchcontrolled wind turbines[C]//2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech. Bucharest,Romania.IEEE,2009:1-7.
• [25]李柏慷.基于能量视角的风机调频性能提升策略研究[D].济南：山东大学，2022.LI Baikang.Research on the strategy of improving the frequency modulation performance of wind turbine based on energy perspective[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2022.
• [26] RUTTLEDGE L,MILLER N W,O’SULLIVAN J,et al. Frequency response of power systems with variable speed wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,3(4):683-691.
• [27] OCHOA D,MARTINEZ S.Fast-frequency response provided by DFIG-wind turbines and its impact on the grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(5):4002-4011.
• [28] ZHAO X L,LIN Z Y,FU B,et al.Research on frequency control method for micro-grid with a hybrid approach of FFR-OPPT and pitch angle of wind turbine[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2021,127:106670.
• [29]葛晓琳，刘亚，符杨，等.考虑惯量支撑及频率调节全过程的分布鲁棒机组组合[J].中国电机工程学报，2021,41(12):4043-4058.GE Xiaolin,LIU Ya,FU Yang,et al. Distributed robust unit commitment considering the whole process of inertia support and frequency regulations[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2021,41(12):4043-4058.
• [30]王志欣，王明强，杨明，等.考虑风电备用可靠性的电力系统备用优化[J].电力系统自动化，2023,47(15):142-150.WANG Zhixin,WANG Mingqiang,YANG Ming,et al.Reserve optimization for power system considering reliability of wind power reserve[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2023,47(15):142-150.
• [31]林峰，汪震，王冠中，等.考虑风电降载的电力系统鲁棒备用调度模型[J].电力系统自动化，2018,42(19):64-70.LIN Feng,WANG Zhen,WANG Guanzhong,et al. Robust reserve scheduling model of electric power system considering WTG de-loading capability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(19):64-70.