章天晗,吴俊飞,周行,杨彬,洪建军,于淼,代一乐
ZHANG Tianhan,WU Junfei,ZHOU Xing,YANG Bin,HONG Jianjun,YU Miao,DAI Yile

• 1:国网浙江省电力有限公司衢州供电公司
• 2:浙江大学电气工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

低压台区分布式光伏渗透率持续提升，因源荷不匹配、无功支撑能力不足导致的电压越限问题日趋突出。为此，提出一种有功预留式构网型光伏变流器电压调控方法。在构网型VSG（虚拟同步机）变流器控制框架下引入最大功率跟踪/有功预留、无功自适应调压/无功锁存等多模态，构建“无功优先调压、柔性有功兜底”的协同调压逻辑。基于状态空间法建立小信号模型，辨识主导极点并给出参数整定准则；采用对称分量法构建正负序输出阻抗，结合阻抗比判据评估并网稳定性。在Simulink平台构建典型越限台区的精细化模型，并集成所提控制策略开展仿真验证。结果表明，该策略可在越限初期快速释放调压裕度，有效实现柔性有功与无功自适应协同调压，抑制并网点电压上浮并提供电压与频率支撑，适用于存量与新增台区推广。
The increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaic(PV) systems in low-voltage distribution areas has led to growing voltage violations due to source-load mismatch and inadequate reactive power support. To address this, a voltage regulation method for active power reserve-based grid-forming(GFM) photovoltaic(PV) inverters is proposed. In the grid-forming virtual synchronous generator(VSG) inverter control framework, multiple modes such as maximum power tracking/active power reserve, reactive power adaptive voltage regulation/reactive power locking are introduced, forming a coordinated voltage regulation logic with “reactive power regulation prioritized and flexible active power as backup”. A small-signal model is established using the state-space method to identify the dominant poles and provide parameter tuning criteria. The symmetrical component method is used to construct the positive and negative sequence output impedance, and the impedance ratio criterion is applied to evaluate grid connection stability. A fine-tuned model of a typical voltage violation area is built on the Simulink platform, and the proposed control strategy is integrated for simulation verification. The results show that this strategy can quickly release the voltage regulation margin in the early stage of voltage violation, effectively implement flexible active and reactive power adaptive coordinated voltage regulation, suppress voltage rise at the grid connection point, and provide voltage and frequency support. It is suitable for both existing and new distribution areas.

关键词(KeyWords)： 有功预留;VSG;构网型光伏;电压越限治理
active power reserve;VSG;grid-forming photovoltaic;voltage violation control

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 智能电网国家科技重大专项（2025ZD0806800）;; 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（521163250004）

作者(Author): 章天晗,吴俊飞,周行,杨彬,洪建军,于淼,代一乐
ZHANG Tianhan,WU Junfei,ZHOU Xing,YANG Bin,HONG Jianjun,YU Miao,DAI Yile

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202603005

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