宗万里,郭是凯华,丁可,叶可,万志成,陈金鹏,陈锋
ZONG Wanli,GUO Shikaihua,DING Ke,YE Ke,WAN Zhicheng,CHEN Jinpeng,CHEN Feng

• 1:国网浙江省电力有限公司超高压分公司
• 2:西安交通大学电气工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

特高压换流站中的空心电抗器在遭受雷电冲击时，包封可能因电磁力作用产生形变，进而引发结构故障，影响电力系统安全运行。为此，研究建立了空心电抗器电磁-机械应力耦合仿真模型，分析了雷电流数学模型中电流峰值和波头时间等参数对电抗器电磁分布和结构形变的影响规律。基于雷电冲击的概率特性，进一步提出了基于贝叶斯网络的电抗器结构故障致因分析方法，通过贝叶斯网络计算出先验概率和后验概率，对故障进行正向推理和反向诊断。研究结果表明，综合考虑雷击电流幅值与上升速度的影响时，雷击电流幅值与空心电抗器包封结构性故障具有较强的相关性，是导致电抗器包封结构性故障的关键因素。通过某换流站实际故障案例的分析，验证了所提故障仿真模型和分析方法的正确性和有效性。
In ultra-high voltage(UHV) converter stations, the encapsulation of air-core reactors may deform under lightning impulse due to electromagnetic forces, which may induce structural faults and jeopardize the safe operation of power system. To address this challenge, an electromagnetic-mechanical stress coupling simulation model is established for air-core reactors. The influence of parameters such as current peak and rise time in lightning current mathematical models on the reactor's electromagnetic distribution and structural deformation is analyzed. Based on the probabilistic characteristics of lightning impulse, a Bayesian network-based method is proposed for fault cause analysis. This method utilizes Bayesian network to compute prior and posterior probabilities, enabling systematic fault diagnosis through forward reasoning and backward inference.The results indicate that the lightning current amplitude, combined with its rate of rise(RoR), exhibits a strong correlation with structural faults in reactor encapsulations, making it a critical factor in such failures. A field case study from an actual converter station corroborates the validity and practical applicability of the proposed simulation model and analytical approach.

关键词(KeyWords)： 空心电抗器;雷电冲击;应力形变;贝叶斯网络;包封
air-core reactor;lightning impulse;stress-induced deformation;Bayesian network;encapsulation

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目（2022KXJ-074）;; 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（B311MR240002）

作者(Author): 宗万里,郭是凯华,丁可,叶可,万志成,陈金鹏,陈锋
ZONG Wanli,GUO Shikaihua,DING Ke,YE Ke,WAN Zhicheng,CHEN Jinpeng,CHEN Feng

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202505013

参考文献(References)：

• [1]国家市场监督管理总局，国家标准化管理委员会.高压直流输电系统直流滤波器：GB/T 25308—2022[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2022.
• [2]黄新波，张龙，朱永灿，等.基于功角特性的干式空心电抗器匝间绝缘在线监测技术[J].电力自动化设备，2019,39(2):143-148.HUANG Xinbo,ZHANG Long,ZHU Yongcan,et al.Online inter-turn insulation monitoring technology based on power angle characteristics for dry-type air-core reactor[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2019,39(2):143-148.
• [3]孙翔，何文林，詹江杨，等.电力变压器绕组变形检测与诊断技术的现状与发展[J].高电压技术，2016,42(4):1207-1220.SUN Xiang,HE Wenlin,ZHAN Jiangyang,et al.Current status and development of test and diagnostic technique of transformer winding deformation[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1207-1220.
• [4]李扬.一起±800 kV直流干式平波电抗器树枝状放电故障分析[J].电力建设，2012,33(9):87-90.LI Yang.Analysis of tree discharge fault of±800 kV DC dry-type smoothing reactors[J].Electric Power Construction,2012,33(9):87-90.
• [5]孙秋芹，张永涛，汪沨，等.江苏500 kV电网限流电抗器雷电侵入波过电压特性[J].电力系统及其自动化学报，2018,30(12):87-92.SUN Qiuqin,ZHANG Yongtao,WANG Feng,et al.Characteristics of lightning intruding overvoltage for currentlimiting inductor in Jiangsu 500 kV power grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2018,30(12):87-92.
• [6]闫全全，肖江龙，钱逸磊，等.两起换流站直流滤波器保护起动分析[J].低碳世界，2022,12(11):103-105.
• [7]花侃，许雯榕，杜晓舟，等.特高压换流站直流系统接地故障处理及建议[J].电工技术，2020(23):22-23.HUA Kan,XU Wenrong,DU Xiaozhou,et al.Treatment and suggestion on grounding fault of DC system in UHV converter station[J]. Electric Engineering,2020(23):22-23.
• [8]雷潇，廖文龙，白欢，等.一起换流站直流滤波器干式电抗器过电压损坏分析[J].电瓷避雷器，2022(4):140-145.LEI Xiao,LIAO Wenlong,BAI Huan,et al.Fault analysis of dry-type air-core reactor of DC filter in HVDC substation caused by overvoltage[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2022(4):140-145.
• [9]李雍.特高压变电站雷电波侵入暂态响应特性分析及防护措施研究[D].成都：西华大学，2017.LI Yong. Analysis of transient response characteristics of lightning wave intrusion in UHV substation and research on protective measures[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2017.
• [10]王文博.220 kV变电站的雷电故障评估与保护方案优化[D].长沙：湖南大学，2021.WANG Wenbo.Lightning fault assessment and protection scheme optimization of 220 kV substation[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2021.
• [11]胡静竹，刘涤尘，廖清芬，等.基于有限元法的变压器电磁振动噪声分析[J].电工技术学报，2016,31(15):81-88.HU Jingzhu,LIU Dichen,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Analysis of transformer electromagnetic vibration noise based on finite element method[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):81-88.
• [12]赵丽.基于可靠性理论的电力设备状态评价方法研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2020.ZHAO Li.Research on state evaluation method of power equipment based on reliability theory[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2020.
• [13]王强，包维瀚，余波，等.±1 100 kV换流站直流场防雷设计研究[J].四川电力技术，2018,41(4):44-49.WANG Qiang,BAO Weihan,YU Bo,et al.Research on protection design against lightning for DC yard of±1 100kV converter station[J].Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2018,41(4):44-49.
• [14]李予全，王伟，郑含博，等.干式空心电抗器匝间绝缘考核方法有效性评估[J].变压器，2017,54(11):31-34.LI Yuquan,WANG Wei,ZHENG Hanbo,et al.Efficiency assessment of turn-to-turn insulation test methods for drytype air-core reactor[J]. Transformer,2017,54(11):31-34.
• [15] REN Z,RAZEK A. Local force computation in deformable bodies using edge elements[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1992,28(2):1212-1215.
• [16]姜山.电力变压器绕组变形的受力分析[D].北京：华北电力大学，2012.JIANG Shan. Force analysis of winding deformation of power transformer[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012.
• [17] YUAN F T,YANG S W,QIN S H,et al.The optimization design of sound arrester for the dry type air core smoothing reactor based on the multi-physical field coupling method[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2021,16(5):704-714.
• [18]陈炜炜，周懋坤，詹跃东，等.雷电流数学模型仿真及对比分析[J].电瓷避雷器，2019(6):7-12.CHEN Weiwei,ZHOU Maokun,ZHAN Yuedong,et al.Lightning current mathematical model simulation and comparative analysis[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2019(6):7-12.
• [19]陈顺辉.《规程》中雷电流波头时间取值的意义及其验证[J].高电压技术，1982,8(4):30-34.CHEN Shunhui. The significance and verification of the time value of the lightning current head in the Regulations[J].High voltage technology,1982,8(4):30-34.
• [20]才永全.分裂电抗器最大反向动稳定电流的计算[J].变压器，1992,29(10):19.CAI Yongquan.Calculation of maximum reverse dynamic stability current of split reactor[J].Transformer,1992,29(10):19.
• [21]王丽君，刘卓.干式空心串联电抗器耐受短路电流能力计算[J].电力电容器与无功补偿，2014,35(4):44-48.WANG Lijun,LIU Zhuo. Calculation of withstand short circuit current ability of dry core series reactor[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2014,35(4):44-48.
• [22]赵伟，周象贤，张祎.浙江电网雷害风险预警方法研究[J].浙江电力，2021,40(4):89-93.ZHAO Wei,ZHOU Xiangxian,ZHANG Yi. Study of lightning damage risk warning in Zhejiang power grid[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2021,40(4):89-93.