吴远志,韩永霞,廖志铭,李旭,胡泰山,胡上茂,丁磊磊
WU Yuanzhi,HAN Yongxia,LIAO Zhiming,LI Xu,HU Taishan,HU Shangmao,DING Leilei

• 1:华南理工大学电力学院
• 2:南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司
• 3:江东金具设备有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

为揭示不同冲击电流波形对ZnO（氧化锌）电阻片电气性能劣化速率的影响机制，并探讨劣化状态的统一表征方法及其工程适用性，针对D85电阻片在相同注入能量下开展了4/10μs和8/20μs波形的冲击试验。结果表明，两种波形冲击下，电阻片宏观电气性能和微观晶界参数的劣化规律一致，其中直流参考电压变化率ΔU_(1mA)对劣化程度最敏感。对电阻片劣化速率差异的原因分析表明，冲击残压和能量注入速率可能通过影响微观晶界势垒高度和耗尽层宽度的下降速度，引起电阻片宏观电气性能劣化速率的差异。两种冲击波形下电阻片直流参考电压变化率ΔU_(1mA)与晶界势垒高度之间的对应关系一致，因此ΔU_(1mA)可作为ZnO电阻片冲击耐受能力等效性评价依据。未来，结合离线检测量ΔU_(1mA)与冲击次数、波形及工频泄漏电流等在线监测量之间的关联关系，可实现电阻片冲击劣化状态的在线表征和预测。
To elucidate the mechanisms by which different impulse current waveforms impact the degradation rate of electrical performance of zinc oxide(ZnO) varistor valves, and to explore a unified characterization method for the degradation states along with its engineering applicability, impulse tests using 4/10 μs and 8/20 μs current waveforms were conducted on D85 varistor valves under identical energy injection level. The results indicate that the degradation patterns of the macroscopic electrical performance and microscopic grain boundary parameters of the varistor valves are consistent under both impulse waveforms, with the DC reference voltage variation rate （ΔU_(1mA)） being the most sensitive to the degree of degradation. An analysis of the causes behind the variance in degradation rates reveals that the residual voltage and the energy injection rate likely influence the reduction speed of the microscopic grain boundary barrier height and depletion layer width, thereby inducing differences in the macroscopic electrical performance degradation rates. Furthermore, the correspondence between ΔU_(1mA) and the grain boundary barrier height remains consistent across both impulse waveforms, demonstrating that ΔU_(1mA) can serve as an equivalent evaluation basis for the impulse withstand capability of ZnO varistor valves. In the future, the impulse degradation state of varistor valves could be characterized and forecasted online by integrating the offline ΔU_(1mA) measurement with online monitoring indicators, such as impulse count, waveform characteristics, and power-frequency leakage current.

关键词(KeyWords)： 氧化锌电阻片;冲击电流波形;电气性能;微观晶界特性;状态表征
zinc oxide varistor valve;impulse current waveform;electrical performance;microscopic grain boundary characteristics;state characterization

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金（52577159）

作者(Author): 吴远志,韩永霞,廖志铭,李旭,胡泰山,胡上茂,丁磊磊
WU Yuanzhi,HAN Yongxia,LIAO Zhiming,LI Xu,HU Taishan,HU Shangmao,DING Leilei

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202610011

参考文献(References)：

• [1]方逸越，方文田，李涛，等.基于改进隐马尔可夫模型的金属氧化物避雷器劣化监测方法[J].浙江电力，2022,41(6):69-75.Fang Yiyue,Fang Wentian,Li Tao,et al.An MOA deterioration monitoring method based on an improved HMM[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2022,41(6):69-75.
• [2]李谦，江宇栋，赵晓凤，等.连续雷击引发无间隙金属氧化物避雷器热崩溃的仿真分析[J].电瓷避雷器，2022(5):73-78.Li Qian,Jiang Yudong,Zhao Xiaofeng,et al. Simulation analysis of non-gap metal oxide surge arresters thermal breakdown caused by continuous lightning strikes[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2022(5):73-78.
• [3]施剑峰，韩永霞，吴远志，等.实际参数雷电冲击下海上风电机组过电压防护及避雷器瞬时失效风险评估[J/OL].电网技术，2026-01-30.https：//kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=DWJS20260128003&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.Shi Jianfeng,Han Yongxia,Wu Yuanzhi,et al.Lightning overvoltage protection of offshore wind turbines and assessment of surge arresters instant failure risk under actual parameters lightning strikes[J/OL].Power System Technology,2026-01-30. https：//kns. cnki. net/KCMS/detail/detail. aspx? filename=DWJS20260128003&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
• [4]张杰，韩永霞，李立浧，等.换流站交流滤波器避雷器压敏电阻冲击老化特性及应用研究[J].电网技术，2023,47(7):2967-2976.Zhang Jie,Han Yongxia,Li Licheng,et al.Impulse aging characteristics and application of varistors of AC filter arresters in converter station[J].Power System Technology,2023,47(7):2967-2976.
• [5]余菲.考虑多重雷击的±800 kV换流站避雷器电气应力分析及老化特征研究[D].广州：华南理工大学，2024.Yu Fei.Analysis of electrical stress and aging characteristics of arresters in±800 kV converter station considering multiple lightning strikes[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2024.
• [6]赵江泽，赵洪峰，程宽，等.不同类型冲击电流对ZnO压敏电阻老化的影响研究[J].高压电器，2024,60(2):127-132.Zhao Jiangze,Zhao Hongfeng,Cheng Kuan,et al.Research on influence of different types of impulse current on the aging of ZnO varistor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2024,60(2):127-132.
• [7]毕洁廷.多重雷击下ZnO避雷器热击穿机理研究[J].电瓷避雷器，2022(4):162-168.Bi Jieting.Thermal breakdown mechanism of ZnO arrester under multiple lightning strikes[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2022(4):162-168.
• [8]尹肇琦，谢鹏康，王博闻，等.冲击电流下氧化锌避雷器多物理场有限元分析[J].电瓷避雷器，2023(1):216-222.Yin Zhaoqi,Xie Pengkang,Wang Bowen,et al. Multiphysical field finite element analysis of ZnO arrester under impulse current[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2023(1):216-222.
• [9]Fu R Y,Wang J G,Wang X,et al.Parallel impulse current shunt performance of multiple MOVs for 500 kV series compensation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2023,38(4):2782-2793.
• [10]Tsukamoto N.Study of degradation by impulse having 4/10??s and 8/20??s waveform for MOVs(metal oxide varistors)[C]//2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection(ICLP).October 11-18,2014.Shanghai,China.IEEE,2014:620-623.
• [11]瞿佥炜，戴明秋，李锐海，等.配网线路避雷器阀片90/200μs冲击电流耐受特性试验[J].南方电网技术，2015,9(7):46-51.Qu Qianwei,Dai Mingqiu,Li Ruihai,et al.Withstand performance tests of arrester varistors at distribution network line under 90/200μs impulse current[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(7):46-51.
• [12]Nogueira T A,De Salles C,Neto E T W,et al.Short duration current impulse waveform effects on the degradation and energy absorption capability of zinc oxide varistors[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2023,220:109336.
• [13]罗六寿，孙泉，刘云蔚，等.依据IEC 60099—4标准的避雷器型式试验若干问题的探讨[J].电瓷避雷器，2021(3):75-80.Luo Liushou,Sun Quan,Liu Yunwei,et al.Discussion of the problems for surge arrester test according type to IEC60099-4[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2021(3):75-80.
• [14]Liao Z M,Zhang J,Han Y X,et al.Study on factors influencing the impulse withstand capacity of zinc oxide varistors[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2025,243:111421.
• [15]GB/T 11032—2020交流无间隙金属氧化物避雷器[S].
• [16]CIGRE Working Group A3.17. CIGRE Tech. Brochure544[R].Paris:International Council on Large Electric Systems,2013.
• [17]CIGRE Working Group A3.25. CIGRE Tech. Brochure696[R].Paris:International Council on Large Electric Systems,2017.
• [18]周利军，魏仁伟，刘聪，等.多重雷击下氧化锌避雷器的冲击老化特性[J].高电压技术，2022,48(9):3507-3516.Zhou Lijun,Wei Renwei,Liu Cong,et al. Impact aging characteristics of zinc oxide arrester under multiple lightning strikes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2022,48(9):3507-3516.
• [19]王振林，李盛涛.氧化锌压敏陶瓷制造及应用[M].2版.北京：科学出版社，2017:18-40.
• [20]DL/T 596—2021电力设备预防性试验规程[S].
• [21]李盛涛，邹晨，刘辅宜.ZnO压敏陶瓷晶界势垒高度和宽度的研究[J].电瓷避雷器，2004(1):17-22.Li Shengtao,Zou Chen,Liu Fuyi. Research of barrier height and width in ZnO varistor ceramics[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2004(1):17-22.
• [22]He J L,Cheng C L,Hu J.An analytic approach to the degradation of double-Schottky barrier:Theoretical prediction of VO0-Zni2+:Zni2+as dominant mobile ion in ZnO electroceramic[J].Scripta Materialia,2015,104:25-28.
• [23]尹桂来，李建英，尧广，等.ZnO压敏陶瓷冲击老化的电子陷阱过程研究[J].物理学报，2010,59(9):6345-6350.Yin Guilai,Li Jianying,Yao Guang,et al.Research on electronic process of impulse degradation of ZnO-based ceramics[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2010,59(9):6345-6350.
• [24]Shi J F,Han Y X,Dong Y,et al.An intelligent online diagnosis method for surge arresters status based on ZnO varistors impulse aging test[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2025,74:1-10.
• [25]杨协伟，方文田，蔡伟杰.一种提升金属氧化物避雷器阻性电流计算精度的方法[J].浙江电力，2023,42(8):92-99.Yang Xiewei,Fang Wentian,Cai Weijie.A method of improving calculation accuracy of resistive current for metal oxide ar-rester[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2023,42(8):92-99.
• [26]王云龙，朱锐锋，李谦，等.变电站无间隙金属氧化物避雷器劣化预警方法和装置开发[J].电瓷避雷器，2026(1):76-84.Wang Yunlong,Zhu Ruifeng,Li Qian,et al.Development of deterioration warning method and device for gapless metal oxide arrester in substation[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2026(1):76-84.