魏万俊,刘毅,裴凯,房德智
WEI Wanjun,LIU Yi,PEI Kai,FANG Dezhi

• 1:甘肃国能风力发电有限公司
• 2:国电南瑞科技股份有限公司电网安全稳定控制技术分公司

摘要(Abstract)：

为提升光伏发电并网效果，发挥分布式光伏的调频能力，提出一种基于EMPC（扩展模型预测算法）的分布式光伏集群频率控制策略。首先，基于模糊子空间聚类算法，考虑集群电压稳定和辅助调频性能，选取合适的分群指标，将大规模分布式光伏单元划分成基于分群指标的分布式光伏集群；然后，基于分群结果构建分布式光伏集群模型，引入状态扩展变量获得系统频率响应的动态预测模型，设计考虑分布式光伏集群出力预测误差和集群控制增量的EMPC目标函数对模型进行滚动优化和反馈校正；最后，在不同工况下进行仿真分析，结果表明所提控制策略可以提高分布式光伏集群并网的频率支撑能力，降低系统的功率损耗。
To enhance the integration of solar power generation into the grid and harness the frequency regulation capabilities of distributed solar photovoltaics, a distributed photovoltaic cluster frequency control strategy based on EMPC(extended model predictive control) algorithm is introduced. Firstly, a fuzzy subspace clustering algorithm that takes account of cluster voltage stability and auxiliary frequency regulation performance is employed. Appropriate clustering indicators are selected to divide large-scale distributed photovoltaic units into distributed photovoltaic clusters based on these indicators. Next, based on the clustering results, a model for the distributed photovoltaic cluster is constructed. State expansion variables are introduced to obtain a dynamic predictive model for the system's frequency response. An EMPC objective function that considers the output prediction error of the distributed photovoltaic cluster and the cluster control increment is designed to perform rolling optimization and feedback correction of the model. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can enhance the frequency support capability of distributed photovoltaic clusters when integrated into the grid and reduce power losses in the system.

关键词(KeyWords)： 分布式光伏集群;EMPC;动态响应;模糊子空间聚类;频率调节
distributed photovoltaic clusters;EMPC;dynamic response;fuzzy subspace clustering;frequency regulation

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目（61933005）

作者(Author): 魏万俊,刘毅,裴凯,房德智
WEI Wanjun,LIU Yi,PEI Kai,FANG Dezhi

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202312012

参考文献(References)：

• [1]游大宁，刘航航，鲍冠南，等.源网荷储多元协同调度体系研究与实践[J].浙江电力，2021,40(12):20-26.YOU Daning,LIU Hanghang,BAO Guannan,et al. Research and practice on the multiple collaborative scheduling system of source-grid-load-storage[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power,2021,40(12):20-26.
• [2] LI S N,LI X,HO S H.Microalgae as a solution of third world energy crisis for biofuels production from wastewater toward carbon neutrality:an updated review[J]. Chemosphere,2022,291:132863.
• [3]梁伟豪，周潮，涂智豪，等.分布式光伏接入对配电网可靠性影响的快速评估方法[J].供用电，2020,37(2):60-66.LIANG Weihao,ZHOU Chao,TU Zhihao,et al. Rapid evaluation method of the influence of distributed photovoltaic access on distribution network reliability[J].Distribution&Utilization,2020,37(2):60-66.
• [4]胡雪凯，尹瑞，时珉，等.基于改进粒子群算法的分布式光伏集群划分与无功优化策略[J].电力电容器与无功补偿，2021,42(4):14-21.HU Xuekai,YIN Rui,SHI Min,et al.Distributed photovoltaic cluster partition and reactive power optimization strategy based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2021,42(4):14-21.
• [5]时珉，尹瑞，姜卫同，等.分布式光伏灵活并网集群调控技术综述[J].电测与仪表，2021,58(12):1-9.SHI Min,YIN Rui,JIANG Weitong,et al. Overview of flexible grid-connected cluster control technology for distributed photovoltaic[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2021,58(12):1-9.
• [6]孙一凡，张蕾琼，刘达.农村地区分布式光伏接入消纳能力研究[J].浙江电力，2017,36(11):45-50.SUN Yifan,ZHANG Leiqiong,LIU Da.Research on the consumption capability of distributed photovoltaic access in rural areas[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2017,36(11):45-50.
• [7]时珉，尹瑞，姜卫同，等.分布式光伏灵活并网集群调控技术综述[J].电测与仪表，2021,58(12):1-9.SHI Min,YIN Rui,JIANG Weitong,et al. Overview of flexible grid-connected cluster control technology for distributed photovoltaic[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2021,58(12):1-9.
• [8] WU Y N,XU M J,TAO Y,et al.A critical barrier analysis framework to the development of rural distributed PV in China[J].Energy,2022,245:123277.
• [9]刘科研，盛万兴，马晓晨，等.基于多种群遗传算法的分布式光伏接入配电网规划研究[J].太阳能学报，2021,42(6):146-155.LIU Keyan,SHENG Wanxing,MA Xiaochen,et al.Planning research of distributed photovoltaic source access distribution network based on multi-population genetic algorithm[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2021,42(6):146-155.
• [10]贺国伟，肖峻，曹加胜.考虑分布式光伏消纳的大型城市配电网规划实践[J].供用电，2021,38(10):26-34.HE Guowei,XIAO Jun,CAO Jiasheng.Planning practice of large urban distribution network considering distributed photovoltaic consumption[J]. Distribution&Utilization,2021,38(10):26-34.
• [11]丁明，王伟胜，王秀丽，等.大规模光伏发电对电力系统影响综述[J].中国电机工程学报，2014,34(1):1-14.DING Ming,WANG Weisheng,WANG Xiuli,et al.A review on the effect of large-scale PV generation on power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):1-14.
• [12]李鹏，于航，夏曼，等.分布式光伏集群分层多模式无功控制策略[J].电网技术，2016,40(10):3038-3044.LI Peng,YU Hang,XIA Man,et al.A hierarchical multimode var control strategy for grid-connected PV clusters[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3038-3044.
• [13] WANG Y N,ZHU X R,WANG Y.Large-scale photovoltaic power station reliability model and energy-yield sensitivity analysis[C]//2015 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS). October 25-28, 2015,Pattaya,Thailand:IEEE,2016:1655-1659.
• [14]焦田利，章坚民，李熊，等.基于空间相关性的大规模分布式用户光伏空间分群方法[J].电力系统自动化，2019,43(21):97-102.JIAO Tianli,ZHANG Jianmin,LI Xiong,et al. Spatial clustering method for large-scale distributed user photovoltaics based on spatial correlation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(21):97-102.
• [15] MUKHERJEE S,CHOWDHURY V R,SHAMSI P,et al. Model reference adaptive control based estimation of equivalent resistance and reactance in grid-connected inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(4):1407-1417.
• [16] LI P X,GU W,WANG L F,et al. Dynamic equivalent modeling of two-staged photovoltaic power station clusters based on dynamic affinity propagation clustering algorithm[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2018,95:463-475.
• [17] LV N J,LIU X T,HU J J,et al.Cluster partition method development for high penetration of distributed photovoltaics using intelligent algorithm and K-means[C]//2022IEEE 5th International Conference on Electronics Technology(ICET).May 13-16,2022,Chengdu,China:IEEE,2022:1255-1260.
• [18]胡雪凯，尹瑞，时珉，等.基于改进粒子群算法的分布式光伏集群划分与无功优化策略[J].电力电容器与无功补偿，2021,42(4):14-21.HU Xuekai,YIN Rui,SHI Min,et al.Distributed photovoltaic cluster partition and reactive power optimization strategy based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2021,42(4):14-21.
• [19]张永新，李飞，张榴晨，等.基于线路阻抗聚类的分布式光伏电站等效建模[J].太阳能学报，2022,43(5):312-318.ZHANG Yongxin,LI Fei,ZHANG Liuchen,et al.Equivalent modeling of distributed photovoltaic power station based on line impedance clustering[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2022,43(5):312-318.
• [20]郭易鑫，韩霞，倪光捷，等.基于改进Canopy-FCM的光伏电站动态特性聚类算法[J].计算机应用与软件，2022,39(4):287-293.GUO Yixin,HAN Xia,NI Guangjie,et al. A clustering analysis algorithm of dynamic characteristics of photovoltaic power plant based on improved canopy fuzzy c-means[J]. Computer Applications and Software,2022,39(4):287-293.
• [21]周宇星.分布式光伏微电站布局及集群控制优化研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学，2018.ZHOU Yuxing.Research on layout and cluster control optimization of distributed photovoltaic micro-power station[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2018.
• [22]张从越，窦晓波，盛万兴，等.分布式光伏集群鲁棒虚拟同步化控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报，2020,40(2):510-522.ZHANG Congyue,DOU Xiaobo,SHENG Wanxing,et al. A robust virtual synchronization control strategy for distributed photovoltaic clusters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2020,40(2):510-522.
• [23]刘刚，陈海东，孙睿哲，等.集群光伏电站频率主动支撑自校正控制方法[J].中国电力，2022,55(9):156-162.LIU Gang,CHEN Haidong,SUN Ruizhe,et al. Selftuning control method for frequency active support of cluster photovoltaic power station[J].Electric Power,2022,55(9):156-162.
• [24]郑小宇，季宇，张颖，等.基于模型预测控制的分布式光伏集群协调优化控制[J].电网与清洁能源，2019,35(7):66-74.ZHENG Xiaoyu,JI Yu,ZHANG Ying,et al.Coordinated optimal control of distributed photovoltaic cluster based on model predictive control[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2019,35(7):66-74.
• [25]张恒巍，何嘉婧，韩继红，等.基于智能优化算法的模糊软子空间聚类方法[J].计算机科学，2016,43(3):256-261.ZHANG Hengwei,HE Jiajing,HAN Jihong,et al.Fuzzy soft subspace clustering method based on intelligent optimization algorithm[J]. Computer Science,2016,43(3):256-261.
• [26] ABD-ELAZIM S M,ALI E S.Load frequency controller design of a two-area system composing of PV grid and thermal generator via firefly algorithm[J].Neural Computing and Applications,2018,30(2):607-616.
• [27] ZHAO N,GORBACHEV S,YUE D,et al.Model predictive based frequency control of power system incorporating air-conditioning loads with communication delay[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2022,138:107856.
• [28] YANG Z C,YANG F,HU W,et al.Delay compensation control strategy for electric vehicle participating in frequency regulation based on MPC algorithm[J].Electronics,2022,11(15):2341.