徐文滨,孙一凡,王林,许子芸,李南
XU Wenbin,SUN Yifan,WANG Lin,XU Ziyun,LI Nan

• 1:国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司

摘要(Abstract)：

电力系统将逐渐步入高比例可再生能源的时代，而共享储能能够提高电力系统弹性从而有效消纳可再生能源。考虑到用户自建储能可能会因容量过剩造成不必要的沉没成本，以及运营商集中投资储能用户共享的商业模式存在投资成本高、运营中心化和不透明等问题，提出了基于区块链智能合约的分布式储能点对点交易模式。在储能共享的基础上，建立用户在需求响应机制下的负荷优化模型。以美国某地区的春、夏、秋、冬典型日电负荷为例进行仿真。结果表明，在合理利用共享储能基础上建立的考虑需求响应的充放电决策模型能够帮助用户平滑负荷曲线，实现“低储高放”，并且基于区块链架构的共享储能模式能为用户带来经济效益。
The power system will gradually step into the era of high percentage of renewable energy, and the shared energy storage can improve the power system resilience and thus effectively consume renewable energy. Since selfbuilt energy storage of users may result in unnecessary sunk costs due to excess capacity and the business model of centralized investment in energy storage user sharing by operators has problems such as high investment costs, centralized operation and non-transparency, a distributed energy storage peer-to-peer transaction model based on blockchain smart contracts is proposed. On the basis of energy storage sharing, a load optimization model of users under the demand response mechanism is established. Finally, a typical daily electric load in spring, summer, autumn and winter in a region of the United States is simulated as an example. The results show that the charging and discharging decision model based on the rational use of shared energy storage can help users to smooth the load curve and realize “low storage and high discharge”, and the shared energy storage model based on blockchain architecture can bring economic benefits to users.

关键词(KeyWords)： 区块链;智能合约;共享储能;需求响应
blockchain;smart contract;shared energy storage;demand response

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(5211JX2000KH)

作者(Author): 徐文滨,孙一凡,王林,许子芸,李南
XU Wenbin,SUN Yifan,WANG Lin,XU Ziyun,LI Nan

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202304007

参考文献(References)：

• [1]李磊，颜拥，罗扬帆，等.基于智能合约的邀约式需求响应机制[J].浙江电力，2022,41(4):20-29.LI Lei,YAN Yong,LUO Yangfan,et al.Invited demand response mechanism based on smart contract[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2022,41(4):20-29.
• [2]侯佳萱，林振智，杨莉，等.面向需求侧主动响应的工商业用户电力套餐优化设计[J].电力系统自动化，2018,42(24):11-19.HOU Jiaxuan,LIN Zhenzhi,YANG Li,et al. Design of electricity plans for industrial and commercial customers oriented to active demand response on power demand side[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(24):11-19.
• [3]杨海柱，李梦龙，江昭阳，等.考虑需求侧电热气负荷响应的区域综合能源系统优化运行[J].电力系统保护与控制，2020,48(10):30-37.YANG Haizhu,LI Menglong,JIANG Zhaoyang,et al.Optimal operation of regional integrated energy system considering demand side electricity heat and natural-gas loads response[J].Power System Protection and Control,2020,48(10):30-37.
• [4]张钦，王锡凡，王建学，等.电力市场下需求响应研究综述[J].电力系统自动化，2008,32(3):97-106.ZHANG Qin,WANG Xifan,WANG Jianxue,et al.Survey of demand response research in deregulated electricity markets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(3):97-106.
• [5] CHEN Y B,ZHANG L X,XU P,et al. Electricity demand response schemes in China:pilot study and future outlook[J].Energy,2021,224:120042.
• [6]郭亦宗，王楚通，施云辉，等.区域综合能源系统电/热云储能综合优化配置[J].电网技术，2020,44(5):1611-1623.GUO Yizong,WANG Chutong,SHI Yunhui,et al.Comprehensive optimization configuration of electric and thermal cloud energy storage in regional integrated energy system[J]. Power System Technology,2020,44(5):1611-1623.
• [7]余苏敏，苏浩，方陈，等.用户侧储能效益分析与经济运行研究综述[J].电力需求侧管理，2021,23(3):2-7.YU Sumin,SU Hao,FANG Chen,et al.Overview on the benefit analysis and economic operation of user side energy storage[J].Power Demand Side Management,2021,23(3):2-7.
• [8]赵乙潼，王慧芳，何奔腾，等.面向用户侧的电池储能配置与运行优化策略[J].电力系统自动化，2020,44(6):121-128.ZHAO Yitong,WANG Huifang,HE Benteng,et al.Optimization strategy of configuration and operation for userside battery energy storage[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(6):121-128.
• [9]郭久亿，刘洋，郭焱林，等.不同典型用户侧储能配置评估与运行优化模型[J].电网技术，2020,44(11):4245-4254.GUO Jiuyi,LIU Yang,GUO Yanlin,et al.Configuration evaluation and operation optimization model of energy storage in different typical user-side[J]. Power System Technology,2020,44(11):4245-4254.
• [10]丁逸行，徐青山，吕亚娟，等.考虑需量管理的用户侧储能优化配置[J].电网技术，2019,43(4):1179-1186.DING Yixing,XU Qingshan,LüYajuan,et al. Optimal configuration of user-side energy storage considering power demand management[J]. Power System Technology,2019,43(4):1179-1186.
• [11]刘宗林，张昕，王鑫，等.基于智能合约的分布式储能点对点共享双层交易模式[J].电气自动化，2019,41(6):78-82.LIU Zonglin,ZHANG Xin,WANG Xin,et al. Peer-topeer sharing double-layer transaction mode for distributed energy storage based on smart contract[J].Electrical Automation,2019,41(6):78-82.
• [12] LIU J K,ZHANG N,KANG C Q,et al.Decision-making models for the participants in cloud energy storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(6):5512-5521.
• [13]陈页.考虑需求响应的微电网云储能优化配置研究[D].杭州：浙江大学，2021.Chen Ye. Microgrid cloud energy storage configuration model considering demand response[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2021.
• [14]丁曦，姜威，郭创新，等.考虑需求响应的电/热/气云储能优化配置策略[J].电力建设，2022,43(3):83-99.DING Xi,JIANG Wei,GUO Chuangxin,et al. Optimal configuration of electricity-heat-gas cloud energy storage considering demand response[J].Electric Power Construction,2022,43(3):83-99.
• [15]王胜寒，郭创新，冯斌，等.区块链技术在电力系统中的应用：前景与思路[J].电力系统自动化，2020,44(11):10-24.WANG Shenghan,GUO Chuangxin,FENG Bin,et al.Application of blockchain technology in power systems:prospects and ideas[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(11):10-24.
• [16]陈冠廷，张利，刘宁宁，等.基于区块链的面向居民用户需求响应交易机制[J].电力自动化设备，2020,40(8):9-17.CHEN Guanting,ZHANG Li,LIU Ningning,et al.Blockchain-based transaction mechanism for residential users demand response[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2020,40(8):9-17.
• [17]颜拥，周自强，涂莹，等.基于区块链的电力数据保全应用研究[J].浙江电力，2019,38(7):63-69.YAN Yong,ZHOU Ziqiang,TU Ying,et al.Research on application of electric power data preservation based on blockchain[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power,2019,38(7):63-69.
• [18]欧阳丽炜，王帅，袁勇，等.智能合约：架构及进展[J].自动化学报，2019,45(3):445-457.OUYANG Liwei,WANG Shuai,YUAN Yong,et al.Smart contracts:architecture and research progresses[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2019,45(3):445-457.
• [19]康重庆，刘静琨，张宁.未来电力系统储能的新形态：云储能[J].电力系统自动化，2017,41(21):2-8.KANG Chongqing,LIU Jingkun,ZHANG Ning. A new form of energy storage in future power system:cloud energy storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(21):2-8.
• [20]张国强，郭文怡，杨瑞琳，等.集中式共享储能商业模式与政策分析[J].电气时代，2022(6):30-33.ZHANG Guoqiang,GUO Wenyi,YANG Ruilin,et al.Business model and policy analysis of centralized shared energy storage[J].Electric Age,2022(6):30-33.
• [21]白雪婷，周勇，常毅宣.基于园区综合能源系统的综合需求响应策略[J].山西电力，2022(5):48-51.BAI Xueting,ZHOU Yong,CHANG Yixuan. Study on comprehensive demand response strategy based on integrated energy system of the park[J]. Shanxi Electric Power,2022(5):48-51.
• [22]张秀钊，李林耘，杨玉琴，等.考虑需求响应与储能系统的联合调峰优化策略[J].内蒙古电力技术，2022,40(4):68-73ZHANG Xiuzhao,LI Linyun,YANG Yuqin,et al. Joint peak shaving optimization strategy considering demand response and energy storage system[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2022,40(4):68-73.
• [23]许鹏，何霖.新型电力系统下5G+云边端协同的源网荷储架构及关键技术初探[J].四川电力技术，2021,44(6):67-73.XU Peng,HE Lin.Preliminary discussion on source-gridload-storage architecture and key technology based on 5G+Cloud-edge-terminal cooperation in new power system[J]. Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2021,44(6):67-73.
• [24]祁兵，赵燕玲，杨帆，等.区块链在需求响应中的关键技术及现状分析[J].内蒙古电力技术，2021,39(4):22-26.QI Bing,ZHAO Yanling,YANG Fan,et al. Analysis of key technologies and status quo of blockchain in demand response[J].Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2021,39(4)22-26.
• [25]帅轩越，王秀丽，吴雄，等.计及电热需求响应的共享储能容量配置与动态租赁模型[J].电力系统自动化，2021,45(19):24-32.SHUAI Xuanyue,WANG Xiuli,WU Xiong,et al.Shared energy storage capacity allocation and dynamic lease model considering electricity-heat demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2021,45(19):24-32.