赵紫辉,黄辉,陆红斌,王娟,甄宝,任兴旺,张翀
ZHAO Zihui,HUANG Hui,LU Hongbin,WANG Juan,ZHEN Bao,REN Xingwang,ZHANG Chong

• 1:广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局
• 2:北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

直流故障限流器能够快速限制故障电流上升，但需要关注其在故障冲击过程中的限流动态特性。为此，开展电阻型限流器的故障冲击特性研究。首先，理论分析并推导限流器串入前后系统直流电压、限流器耐受冲击电流的数学表达式。然后，搭建直流大电流冲击平台，研发限流器实验室样机；在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台中搭建限流器模型并开展冲击特性仿真分析。最后，分别对单线圈和多线圈并联结构的电阻型限流器进行大电流冲击测试。仿真与实验结果表明：故障冲击越大，限流器失超后电阻上升越快且幅值越大，限流效果越好；在冲击电压较低时，限流电阻会呈现先迅速上升然后下降的趋势。
DC fault current limiters can rapidly restrict the rise of fault currents, but attention needs to be paid to their dynamic current-limiting characteristics during fault impact. To address this, a study on the fault impact characteristics of a resistive-type current limiter is conducted. Firstly, mathematical expressions for the DC voltage and the withstandable fault current before and after the limiter is connected are theoretically analyzed and derived. Subsequently, a high-current DC impact platform is established, and a laboratory prototype of the current limiter is developed. A limiter model is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to conduct simulation analysis of the impact characteristics. Finally, high-current impact tests are performed on the resistive-type current limiters with singlecoil and multi-coil parallel structures. Simulation and experimental results indicate that with increasing fault impact, the limiters' resistance rises more rapidly and to a greater extent after reaching the critical limits, resulting in a more effective current-limiting performance. Additionally, at lower impact voltages, the current-limiting resistance exhibits a rapid rise followed by a decrease trend.

关键词(KeyWords)： 柔性直流输电;故障限流器;短路故障;失超电阻;故障冲击
VSC-HVDC;fault current limiter;short circuit fault;quenching resistance;fault impact

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目（GDKJXM20198265）

作者(Author): 赵紫辉,黄辉,陆红斌,王娟,甄宝,任兴旺,张翀
ZHAO Zihui,HUANG Hui,LU Hongbin,WANG Juan,ZHEN Bao,REN Xingwang,ZHANG Chong

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202401012

参考文献(References)：

• [1]李钢，田杰，王仙荣，等.远海风电送出技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].供用电，2022,39(11):2-10.LI Gang,TIAN Jie,WANG Xianrong,et al.Application status and development trend of offshore wind power transmission technology[J]. Distribution&Utilization,2022,39(11):2-10.
• [2]乐波，梅念，刘思源，等.柔性直流输电技术综述[J].中国电业（技术版），2014(5):43-47.YUE Bo,MEI Nian,LIU Siyuan,et al. Overview of HVDC flexible[J]. China Electric Power(Technology Edition),2014(5):43-47.
• [3] FLOURENTZOU N,AGELIDIS V G,DEMETRIADES G D. VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems:an overview[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
• [4]马为民，吴方劼，杨一鸣，等.柔性直流输电技术的现状及应用前景分析[J].高电压技术，2014,40(8):2429-2439.MA Weimin,WU Fangjie,YANG Yiming,et al.Flexible HVDC transmission technology’s today and tomorrow[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2429-2439.
• [5]郭腾炫.基于YBCO带材的超导限流器的多端直流限流暂态问题研究[D].北京：中国科学院大学，2016.GUO Tengxuan. Study on transient problems of multiterminal DC current limiting of superconducting current limiter based on YBCO strip[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
• [6]钟思正，王问斯.高压直流电路的开断[J].湖北工学院学报，2003,18(4):60-62.ZHONG Sizheng,WANG Wensi.DC circuit interrupting[J].Journal of Hubei University of Technology,2003,18(4):60-62.
• [7]章宝歌，焦越敏，平善言，等.具有重合闸功能的限流型混合式高压直流断路器[J].电力建设，2022,43(10):37-47.ZHANG Baoge,JIAO Yuemin,PING Shanyan,et al.Current-limiting hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker with reclosing function[J]. Electric Power Construction,2022,43(10):37-47.
• [8]郑占锋，邹积岩，董恩源，等.直流开断与直流断路器[J].高压电器，2006,42(6):445-449.ZHENG Zhanfeng,ZOU Jiyan,DONG Enyuan,et al.DC interruption and DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(6):445-449.
• [9]张孝荟.柔性直流电网故障限流技术的研究[D].贵阳：贵州大学，2022.ZHANG Xiaohui.Research on fault current limiting technology of flexible DC network[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2022.
• [10]张翀，邱清泉，张志丰，等.直流混合型断路器与直流故障限流器的匹配研究[J].电工电能新技术，2016,35(9):21-28.ZHANG Chong,QIU Qingquan,ZHANG Zhifeng,et al.Study on coordination of DC hybrid circuit breaker and DC fault current limiter[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2016,35(9):21-28.
• [11]范光耀.柔性直流电网直流短路故障分析及限流设备配置方案研究[D].南京：东南大学，2020.FAN Guangyao.Research on dc short circuit fault and configuration scheme of current limiting device in flexible DC grid[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2020.
• [12]杨嵩.直流故障快速限流技术研究[D].天津：天津大学，2019.YANG Song.Research on the fast DC fault current limiting technology[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2019.
• [13]兰剑，冯英，王承玉.适用于直流断路器的大电流快速开关分闸特性[J].电力工程技术，2023,42(3):11-18.LAN Jian,FENG Ying,WANG Chengyu.Opening characteristics of high current fast switch for DC circuit breaker[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2023,42(3):11-18.
• [14]文卫兵，魏争，赖佳祥，等.柔性直流电网直流侧故障下500 kV混合式直流断路器暂态电流特性分析[J].电力建设，2022,43(10):48-57.WEN Weibing,WEI Zheng,LAI Jiaxiang,et al.Analyze of transient current characteristics of hybrid DC circuit breaker in 500 kV VSC-HVDC grid[J]. Electric Power Construction,2022,43(10):48-57.
• [15]熊佳玲，李文鑫，杨超，等.一种新型超导直流故障限流器[J].电力系统保护与控制，2022,50(3):93-102.XIONG Jialing,LI Wenxin,YANG Chao,et al. A new type of superconducting DC fault current limiter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2022,50(3):93-102.
• [16]郝晓弘，黄伟，裴婷婷，等.一种新型直流故障限流器拓扑[J].自动化与仪表，2021,36(11):1-5.HAO Xiaohong,HUANG Wei,PEI Tingting,et al. A novel DC fault current limiter topology[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2021,36(11):1-5.
• [17]郝鑫，王盼宝，孙红梅，等.直流故障限流器工作原理分析与特性研究[J].电网技术，2019,43(12):4414-4424.HAO Xin,WANG Panbao,SUN Hongmei,et al.Principle and characteristic analysis of existing DC fault current limiters[J].Power System Technology,2019,43(12):4414-4424.
• [18]袁佳歆，陈凡，赵晋斌，等.电感式直流限流器研究综述[J].高电压技术，2021,47(5):1595-1605.YUAN Jiaxin,CHEN Fan,ZHAO Jinbin,et al.Review on inductive fault current limiters in direct current systems[J].High Voltage Engineering,2021,47(5):1595-1605.
• [19]黄俊玮.柔性直流电网故障限流研究[D].南宁：广西大学，2020.HUANG Junwei. Research on fault current-limiting for MMC-HVDC grid[D]. Nanning:Guangxi University,2020.
• [20]刘书瀚，庄园，梁战，等.含直流断路器的柔直配电网过电压与绝缘配合[J].电力工程技术，2023,42(3):61-71.LIU Shuhan,ZHUANG Yuan,LIANG Zhan,et al.Overvoltage and insulation coordination of flexible DC distribution network with DC circuit breaker[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology,2023,42(3):61-71.
• [21]刘亚萍，陈军平，方春恩，等.混合式直流断路器快速机械开关特性研究及应用[J].电力建设，2022,43(8):120-127.LIU Yaping,CHEN Junping,FANG Chun’en,et al.Research and application of rapid mechanical switch of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Electric Power Construction,2022,43(8):120-127.
• [22] MORISHITA Y,KOYAMA T,YAMAGUCHI I,et al.Development of DC-current-limiting circuit-breaker with superconducting fault current limiter[C]//17th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications,2008(GD 2008).Cardiff,UK:IEEE,2008:97-100.
• [23] MORISHITA Y,ISHIKAWA T,YAMAGUCHI I,et al.Applications of DC breakers and concepts for superconducting fault-current limiter for a DC distribution network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2009,19(4):3658-3664.
• [24] KRAEMER H P,SCHMIDT W,UTZ B,et al.Test of a1 kA superconducting fault current limiter for DC applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity,2005,15(2):1986-1989.
• [25] XIAO L Y,DAI S T,LIN L Z,et al.HTS power technology for future DC power grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2013,23(3):5401506.
• [26]张翀.直流断路器与故障限流器的匹配研究[D].北京：中国科学院大学，2016.ZHANG Chong. Research on matching between DC circuit breaker and fault current limiter[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
• [27] CHEN Y,LIU X,SHENG J,et al.Design and application of a superconducting fault current limiter in DC systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2014,24(3):1-5.
• [28] ISHIGOHKA T,SASAKI N. Fundamental test of new DC superconducting fault current limiter[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1991,27(2):2341-2344.
• [29]王晨，陈磊，唐跃进，等.直流超导故障限流器方案设计及限流效果仿真分析[J].继电器，2005,33(6):6-8.WANG Chen,CHEN Lei,TANG Yuejin,et al.Scheme design and simulation analysis of limiting effect on DC superconducting fault currrent limiter[J]. Relay,2005,33(6):6-8.
• [30] SHI J,TANG Y J,CHEN L,et al.The application of active superconducting DC fault current limiter in hybrid AC/DC power supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2008,18(2):672-675.
• [31] SHI J,TANG Y J,WANG C,et al.Active superconducting DC fault current limiter based on flux compensation[J].Physica C:Superconductivity,2006,442(2):108-112.
• [32]庄劲武，张晓锋，杨锋，等.一种新型直流电网短路限流装置的设计与分析[J].海军工程大学学报，2005,17(4):13-17.ZHUANG Jinwu,ZHANG Xiaofeng,YANG Feng,et al.Design and analysis of a new type DC fault current limiter[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2005,17(4):13-17.