杨滢,王龙飞,董炜,詹修瑜,高晖胜,侯智贤
YANG Ying,WANG Longfei,DONG Wei,ZHAN Xiuyu,GAO Huisheng,HOU Zhixian

• 1:国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院
• 2:浙江大学工程师学院
• 3:浙江大学电气工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

针对在弱电网条件下以GFL（跟网型）变流器为主的新能源场站电压支撑能力不足的问题，首先基于小信号模型对GFL变流器与采用DSSC（直流动态自同步控制）的GFM（构网型）变流器进行开环特性分析，提出在GFL场站内部并联配置DSSC-GFM变流器以提升电压支撑能力的思路。其次，构造P-δ（有功-相角）回路，并按回路增益做闭环等效分解，引入同步系数与阻尼系数作为稳定性判据。然后，从降低系统小扰动稳定约束下的CSCR（临界短路比）角度分析了致稳机理，并给出了CSCR及其变化量的计算方法。最后，通过电磁暂态仿真与频域分析验证了上述机理解释及计算方法的有效性，评估了关键控制参数对CSCR的影响，可为GFL场站内DSSC-GFM变流器的配置与参数整定提供参考。
To address the insufficient voltage support capability of renewable energy stations dominated by gridfollowing(GFL) converters under weak grid conditions, this paper first conducts an open-loop characteristic analysis of GFL converters and grid-forming(GFM) converters employing DC dynamic self-synchronization control(DSSC), based on small-signal models. A scheme is proposed in which DSSC-based GFM converters are connected in parallel within GFL-based stations to enhance voltage support capability. Subsequently, a P-δ(active powerphase angle) loop is constructed, and a closed-loop equivalent decomposition is performed according to loop gain to introduce synchronization and damping coefficients as stability criteria. Then, from the perspective of reducing the critical short-circuit ratio(CSCR) under small-disturbance stability constraints, the stabilization mechanism is analyzed, and methods for calculating the CSCR and its variation are presented. Finally, the proposed mechanism explanation and the effectiveness of calculation methods are validated through electromagnetic transient simulations and frequency-domain analysis. The impact of key control parameters on the CSCR is assessed, providing guidance for the deployment and parameter tuning of DSSC-based GFM converters within GFL-based renewable energy stations.

关键词(KeyWords)： 临界短路比;跟网型;构网型;直流动态自同步控制;小扰动稳定性
CSCR;GFL;GFM;DSSC;small-disturbance stability

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省自然科学基金（LY24E070003）;; 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（B311DS240015）

作者(Author): 杨滢,王龙飞,董炜,詹修瑜,高晖胜,侯智贤
YANG Ying,WANG Longfei,DONG Wei,ZHAN Xiuyu,GAO Huisheng,HOU Zhixian

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202605009

参考文献(References)：

• [1]全球能源互联网发展合作组织.中国2030年能源电力发展规划研究及2060年展望[R].北京：全球能源互联网发展合作组织，2021.
• [2]张智刚，康重庆.碳中和目标下构建新型电力系统的挑战与展望[J].中国电机工程学报，2022,42(8):2806-2818.ZHANG Zhigang,KANG Chongqing. Challenges and prospects for constructing the new-type power system towards a carbon neutrality future[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2022,42(8):2806-2818.
• [3]胡光，辛焕海，庄可好，等.小扰动强度视角下新型电力系统构建的必要约束条件探讨[J/OL].中国电机工程学报，2025:1-12[2025-08-25].https：//link.cnki.net/url-id/11.2107.tm.20250228.1712.016.HU Guang,XIN Huanhai,ZHUANG Kehao,et al.Discussion on Necessary Constraints for Constructing Renewable Power Systems from the Small-disturbance Strength Perspective[J/OL].2025:1-12[2025-08-25].https：//link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20250228.1712.016.
• [4]孙华东，徐式蕴，许涛，等.新能源多场站短路比定义及指标[J].中国电机工程学报，2021,41(2):497-505.SUN Huadong,XU Shiwen,XU Tao,et al.Definition and index of short circuit ratio for multiple renewable energy stations[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2021,41(2):497-505.
• [5]周瑀涵，辛焕海，鞠平.基于广义短路比的多馈入系统强度量化原理与方法：回顾、探讨与展望[J].中国电机工程学报，2023,43(10):3794-3811.ZHOU Yuhan,XIN Huanhai,JU Ping. System strength quantification principle and method of multi-infeed systems based on generalized short-circuit ratio:reviews,discussions and outlooks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2023,43(10):3794-3811.
• [6]康思伟，董文凯，郭诗然，等.基于虚拟同步机控制的新能源发电并网系统小干扰稳定临界短路比[J].电力建设，2022,43(3):131-140.KANG Siwei,DONG Wenkai,GUO Shiran,et al.Critical short-circuit ratio of small-signal stability for a gridconnected renewable power generation system based on virtual synchronous generator control[J]. Electric Power Construction,2022,43(3):131-140.
• [7]林俐，崔灏，徐宁.计及短路比约束的新能源基地构网型场站与调相机协调配置策略[J].电力系统自动化，2025,49(23):57-67.LIN Li,CUI Hao,XU Ning. Coordinated configuration strategy of grid-forming stations and synchronous condensers in renewable energy base considering short-circuit ratio constraints[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(23):57-67.
• [8]李飞，赵佳乐，甘睿，等.弱电网环境下并网逆变器的临界短路比分析[J/OL].高电压技术，2025:1-14[2025-08-25].https：//doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20-241746.LI Fei,ZHAO Jiale,GAN Rui,et al.Analysis on critical short-circuit ratio of grid-connected inverter under weak grid environment[J].2025:1-14[2025-08-25].https：//doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20241746.
• [9]ZOU C Y,RAO H,XU S K,et al.Analysis of resonance between a VSC-HVDC converter and the AC grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(12):10157-10168.
• [10]高磊，吕敬，马骏超，等.基于电路等效的并网逆变器失稳分析与稳定控制[J].电工技术学报，2024,39(8):2325-2341.GAO Lei,LYU Jing,MA Junchao,et al.Instability analysis and stability control of grid-connected inverter based on impedance circuit equivalent[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2024,39(8):2325-2341.
• [11]HUANG L B,XIN H H,WANG Z,et al. A virtual synchronous control for voltage-source converters utilizing dynamics of DC-link capacitor to realize self-synchronization[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(4):1565-1577.
• [12]张琛，蔡旭，李征.具有自主电网同步与弱网稳定运行能力的双馈风电机组控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报，2017,37(2):476-486.ZHANG Chen,CAI Xu,LI Zheng. Control of DFIGbased wind turbines with the capability of automatic gridsynchronization and stable operation under weak grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):476-486.
• [13]ZHAO L,JIN Z M,WANG X F.Small-signal synchronization stability of grid-forming converters with regulated DC-link dynamics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2023,70(12):12399-12409.
• [14]李奕曈，艾诚，覃瑶，等.基于匹配控制的构网型变换器小扰动稳定性综述[J].高电压技术，2025,51(2):774-792.LI Yitong,AI Cheng,QIN Yao,et al. An overview of small-disturbance stability of grid-forming converters based on matching control[J].High Voltage Engineering,2025,51(2):774-792.
• [15]AI C,LI Y T,ZHAO Z W,et al.An extension of gridforming:a frequency-following voltage-forming inverter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2024,39(10):12118-12123.
• [16]桑顺，张琛，蔡旭，等.全功率变换风电机组的电压源控制（一）：控制架构与弱电网运行稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报，2021,41(16):5604-5616.SANG Shun,ZHANG Chen,CAI Xu,et al. Voltage source control of wind turbines with full-scale converters(partⅠ)：control architecture and stability analysis under weak grid conditions[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2021,41(16):5604-5616.
• [17]ZHU J B,BOOTH C D,ADAM G P,et al.Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
• [18]AMIN M,MOLINAS M.Understanding the origin of oscillatory phenomena observed between wind farms and HVdc systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):378-392.
• [19]WU W H,CHEN Y D,LUO A,et al. A virtual inertia control strategy for DC microgrids analogized with virtual synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):6005-6016.
• [20]XIN H H,LIU C X,CHEN X,et al. How many gridforming converters do we need?a perspective from small signal stability and power grid strength[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2025,40(1):623-635.
• [21]李保罗，徐式蕴，李宗翰，等.基于贝叶斯深度学习的新能源多场站临界短路比区间预测方法[J].中国电机工程学报，2024,44(14):5451-5462.LI Baoluo,XU Shiyun,LI Zonghan,et al.Multiple renewable energy station critical short circuit ratio interval prediction method based on Bayesian deep learning[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2024,44(14):5451-5462.
• [22]BRYANT J S,MEEGAHAPOLA L,MCGRATH B,et al. Assessing the critical stability limits of multi-infeed inverter-based generator grid connections:an analytical approach[C]//2022 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting(PESGM). July 17-21,2022,Denver,CO,USA.IEEE,2022:1-5.
• [23]赵欣玥.弱电网下新能源并网变换器可传输的极限功率及控制器参数优化设计[D].武汉：华中科技大学，2021.ZHAO Xinyue. Maximum available power of renewableenergy gridconnected converter under weak grid conditions and optimal design of controller parameters[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2021.
• [24]ZHOU Y H,XIN H H,WU D,et al.Small-signal stability assessment of heterogeneous grid-following converter power systems based on grid strength analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2023,38(3):2566-2579.
• [25]郑乐，梁以宁.端口视角下的电力系统振荡分析方法综述[J].浙江电力，2025,44(1):1-14.ZHENG Le,LIANG Yining. A review of power system oscillation analysis methods from a port-based perspective[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2025,44(1):1-14.