钟明才,艾克拜尔·买买提,张旭,刘魁齐,李聪
ZHONG Mingcai,AKBAR Memet,ZHANG Xu,LIU Kuiqi,LI Cong

• 1:国网新疆电力有限公司超高压分公司
• 2:电网防灾减灾全国重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

绝缘套管作为超高压变电站的关键组件，其覆冰故障可能引发电网事故，因此深入研究其覆冰机理至关重要。然而，当前研究多聚焦于输电线路，针对套管覆冰的系统性机理分析尚不充分。基于此，全面综述了绝缘套管覆冰的形成机理、关键影响因素及研究进展。阐明了过冷却水滴的“碰撞-捕获-冻结”三阶段物理过程，并依据环境参数将覆冰分为雨凇、雾凇等类型；进而分析了环境条件（如风速、液态水含量）、套管材料（亲水性/憎水性）及电场（直流/交流效应）等因素对套管覆冰的影响；重点评述了基于质量与能量守恒定律构建的各类覆冰热力学与传质数值模型在预测精度与应用场景上的进展与局限；最后展望了未来多物理场耦合模型及主动防护技术的发展方向，以期为套管覆冰的精准预测与防治提供理论支撑。
Insulating bushings are critical components in extra-high-voltage(EHV) substations; however, icinginduced failures can trigger severe grid contingencies. A thorough understanding of the underlying icing mechanisms is therefore essential. While existing studies have largely focused on transmission lines, systematic analyses of bushing-specific icing mechanisms remain limited. This paper comprehensively reviews the formation mechanisms, key influencing factors, and recent research progress regarding the icing of insulating bushings. The three-stage physical process—collision, capture, and freezing—of supercooled water droplets is elucidated, and icing types, such as glaze and rime, are classified based on ambient parameters. Furthermore, the effects of environmental factors(e.g., wind speed and liquid water content), material surface wettability, and electric fields(AC/DC effects) on icing behavior are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on evaluating thermodynamic and mass-transfer numerical models developed based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy, focusing on their prediction accuracy, applicability, and inherent limitations. Finally, future directions are outlined, including multiphysics coupling models and active mitigation technologies, to provide theoretical support for the accurate prediction and prevention of bushing icing.

关键词(KeyWords)： 绝缘套管;覆冰机理;多因素耦合;数值模拟;环境参数
insulating bushing;icing mechanism;multi-factor coupling;numerical simulation;environmental parameters

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 湖南省自然科学基金（2025JJ50237）;; 国网新疆电力有限公司科技项目（5230CD25000D）

作者(Author): 钟明才,艾克拜尔·买买提,张旭,刘魁齐,李聪
ZHONG Mingcai,AKBAR Memet,ZHANG Xu,LIU Kuiqi,LI Cong

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202609010

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