李先锋,胡晨刚,卜莉敏,苗文捷,黄文哲,马建军
LI Xianfeng,HU Chengang,BU Limin,MIAO Wenjie,HUANG Wenzhe,MA Jianjun

• 1:杭州市电力设计院有限公司
• 2:杭州电子科技大学

摘要(Abstract)：

随着社会用电量攀升，极端天气频发，电力中断事件时有发生，导致小区等用户用电质量下降。针对该问题，对具有应急电源功能的住宅小区微电网运行策略进行研究。首先，建立了考虑应急电源功能的住宅小区微电网模型，包含分布式光伏、储能、电动汽车等调控资源。然后，在常规状态下，提出以最小购电成本为目标、能量预存为约束的风险评估与能量预管理策略。外部供电中断时，在保证必要负荷供电正常的前提下，提出以资源利用率最大和运行成本最小为目标、以储能容量为约束的应急能量管理策略。最后，通过住宅小区负荷中断场景的仿真实验，验证了所提运行策略的有效性。该运行策略有效解决了住宅小区供电中断问题，在保证住宅供电安全性与可靠性的同时，兼顾了应急供电资源的利用率和经济运行效益。
As the societal demand for electricity rises and extreme weather events become more frequent, power interruptions are occurring, leading to a decline in the quality of electricity for users such as residential communities.In response to this issue, a study was conducted on the operational strategies of residential microgrids incorporating emergency power sources. Initially, a model for a residential microgrid incorporating emergency power sources was established, including distributed PV, energy storage, electric vehicles, and other control resources. Subsequently, in regular conditions, a risk assessment and energy pre-management strategy was proposed with the objective of minimizing electricity purchase costs and constraining energy storage. In the event of external power supply interruptions, while ensuring the normal supply of essential loads, an emergency energy management strategy was introduced with the goals of maximizing resource utilization and minimizing operational costs, using energy storage capacity as a constraint. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed operational strategies was validated through simulation experiments simulating load interruptions in residential communities. This operational strategy effectively addresses power interruptions in residential communities, balancing the security and reliability of residential power supply while considering the utilization rate of emergency power resources and economic operational benefits.

关键词(KeyWords)： 住宅小区微电网;应急电源功能;需求侧响应;弹性系数;风险系数;能量管理
residential microgrid;emergency power source functionality;demand-side response;elastic coefficient;risk coefficient;energy management

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 浙江大有集团有限公司科技项目（DY2022-01）

作者(Author): 李先锋,胡晨刚,卜莉敏,苗文捷,黄文哲,马建军
LI Xianfeng,HU Chengang,BU Limin,MIAO Wenjie,HUANG Wenzhe,MA Jianjun

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202403012

参考文献(References)：

• [1]郭莹：“丰水期”变“枯水季”水电大省四川如何渡难关[EB/OL].[2022-09-20]. http：//sc. people. com. cn/n2/2022/0821/c345509-40089847.html.
• [2]中央气象台.河南河北等地有强降水台风“查帕卡”继续影响华南沿海[EB/OL].[2022-06-02]. http：//www.cma. gov. cn/2011xwzx/2011xqxxw/2011xzytq/202107/t20 210721_581154.html.
• [3]国家能源局.电力行业应急能力建设行动计划（2018—2020年）[EB/OL].[2022-06-02]. http：//www. gov. cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2018-12/31/content_543698 5.htm.
• [4]国家市场监督管理总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．重要电力用户供电电源及自备应急电源配置技术规范：GB/T 29328—2018[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2018.
• [5]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.综合医院建筑设计规范：GB 51039—2014[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2015.
• [6]潘樟惠，高赐威，刘顺桂.基于需求侧放电竞价的电动汽车充放电调度研究[J].电网技术，2016,40(4):1140-1146.PAN Zhanghui,GAO Ciwei,LIU Shungui. Research on charging and discharging dispatch of electric vehicles based on demand side discharge bidding[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1140-1146.
• [7]许梦瑶，艾小猛，方家琨，等.考虑用户积极性的电动汽车与机组联合调频的两阶段随机优化调度模型[J].电网技术，2022,46(6):2033-2041.XU Mengyao,AI Xiaomeng,FANG Jiakun,et al. Twostage stochastic optimal scheduling model for joint regulation of EV and thermal units considering users enthusiasm[J].Power System Technology,2022,46(6):2033-2041.
• [8]袁桂丽，苏伟芳.计及电动汽车不确定性的虚拟电厂参与AGC调频服务研究[J].电网技术，2020,44(7):2538-2548.YUAN Guili,SU Weifang.Virtual power plants providing AGC FM service considering uncertainty of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2020,44(7):2538-2548.
• [9]张丙旭，许刚.计及需求差异的电动汽车并网滚动时域优化[J].电力系统自动化，2020,44(13):106-114.ZHANG Bingxu,XU Gang. Rolling horizon optimization for grid-connected electric vehicles considering demand difference[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(13):106-114.
• [10]胡思洋，廖凯，杨健维，等.基于V2G技术的城市电网供电恢复策略[J].电力自动化设备，2023,43(6):53-61.HU Siyang,LIAO Kai,YANG Jianwei,et al.Power supply restoration strategy of urban power grid based on V2G technology[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2023,43(6):53-61.
• [11] XU N Z,CHAN K W,CHUNG C Y,et al.Enhancing adequacy of isolated systems with electric vehicle-based emergency strategy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2020,21(8):3469-3475.
• [12]杨祺铭，李更丰，别朝红，等.台风灾害下基于V2G的城市配电网弹性提升策略[J].电力系统自动化，2022,46(12):130-139.YANG Qiming,LI Gengfeng,BIE Zhaohong,et al.Vehicle-to-grid based resilience promotion strategy for urban distribution network under typhoon disaster[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2022,46(12):130-139.
• [13]苏粟，韦存昊，陈奇芳，等.考虑道路抢修和负荷恢复的电动汽车分层调度策略[J].电力系统自动化，2022,46(12):140-150.SU Su,WEI Cunhao,CHEN Qifang,et al. Hierarchical scheduling strategy for electric vehicle considering road repair and load restoration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2022,46(12):140-150.
• [14] JIA X Y,DU H B,ZOU H Y,et al.Assessing the effectiveness of China’s net-metering subsidies for household distributed photovoltaic systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,262:121161.
• [15]胡佳怡，严正，王晗.考虑清洁电力共享的社区电能日前优化调度[J].电网技术，2020,44(1):61-70.HU Jiayi,YAN Zheng,WANG Han. Day-ahead optimal scheduling for communities considering clean powersharing[J].Power System Technology,2020,44(1):61-70.
• [16]梁振锋，祁芙蓉，王德意，等.考虑应急电源功能的光储充放电站配置方法研究[J/OL].电网技术：1-9[2023-04-19]. https：//kns-cnki-net. webvpn. hdu. edu. cn/kcms/detail/11.2410.tm.20221128.1739.005.html.LIANG Zhenfeng,QI Furong,WANG Deyi,et al. Research on the configuration method of optical storage charging and discharging power stations considering emergency power supply function[J/OL].Power Grid Technology:1-9[2023-04-19].https：//kns-cnki-net.webvpn.hdu. edu.cn/kcms/detail/11.2410.tm.20221128.1739.005.html.
• [17]刘伟佳，孙磊，林振智，等.含间歇电源、储能和电动汽车的配电孤岛短时恢复供电策略[J].电力系统自动化，2015,39(16):49-58.LIU Weijia,SUN Lei,LIN Zhenzhi,et al. Short-period restoration strategy in isolated electrical islands with intermittent energy sources,energy storage systems and electric vehicles[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):49-58.
• [18]欧阳森，刘丽媛.配电网用电可靠性指标体系及综合评估方法[J].电网技术，2017,41(1):215-222.OUYANG Sen,LIU Liyuan. Reliability index system of distribution network for power consumer and its comprehensive assessment method[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(1):215-222.
• [19]杨歌.上半年我国城市供电企业用户可靠性保持较高水平[J].电力系统装备，2020(15):13.YANG Ge.In the first half of the year, the user reliability of urban power supply enterprises in China maintained a high level[J]. Electric Power System Equipment,2020(15):13.